Though historians often credit the Nandas of Magadha for being the first empire builders of lndia, it was with Chandragupta Maurya, the young adventurer who unseated the Nandas in 321 B.C. that the imperial idea found a definite expression.



A strategic geographical position as well as an abundance of natural resources had already created favourable conditions for the emergence of an empire with Magadha as its nucleus. By virtue of its location, Magadha had control over the lower plain of the Ganga, including the riches from river trade. The forests provided timber for building activities and the presence of local iron ore deposits enabled the manufacture of implements and weapons. The land was fertile, yielding rich harvests. Land taxes became a substantial source of revenue for the treasury, in tum making it possible to raise the mighty army with which the Mauryan kings overran the whole oflndia.



Indika, the memoirs Megasthenese, the Greek Ambassador to the Court of Chandragupta Maurya and Arthashastra the compendious work of Chanakya are the main sources from which we can learn and infer about the life and times of Chandragupta Maurya.lt is believed that Chandragupta hailed from a humble background. He did not have the military might to match the Nandas, yet managed to acquire the throne and keep it, making use of the strategies of Chanakya, his chief advisor. Chandragupta expanded the empire steadily and brought under his suzerainty not only Bihar and good portions of Orissa and Bengal, but also western and north-western India, and the Deccan. Leaving Kerala, Tamil Nadu, and parts of north-eastern India; the Mauryas ruled over the whole of the subcontinent. In the north-west they had sway over certain areas which were not included even in the British empire.



Chandragupta Maurya was a far-sighted ruler. He not only expanded his territories, but also established a well organised administrative system and gave it a sound financial base, thus laying the foundation for an enduring empire. He had set a high ideal and is stated to have believed that his happiness lay in the happiness of his subjects and that in their troubles lay his troubles.



Chandragupta's reign lasted for about 25 years. According to Jain tradition, he adopted Jain ism, having been influenced by the saint Bhadrabahu. He is believed to have abdicated the throne in favour of his son Bindusara and pursued a spiritual life thereafter.



Owing to his remarkable military successes and insight into state craft, Chandragupta Maurya stands out as one among the most colourful personalities of lndian history. The Department of Posts is proud to issue a postage stamp on this great monarch of ancient India.



Source : Information Folder issued by Indian Posts & Telegraph Department, Government of India